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1340s – 1370 }} 1340s–1680s }} |event_start = Chagatai Khan inherited part of Mongol Empire |year_start = 1225 |date_start = |event1 = Death of Chagatai |date_event1 = 1242 |event2 = Chagatai Khanate split into two parts, Western Chagatai Khanate and Moghulistan |date_event2 = 1340s |event3 = End of the western empire. |date_event3 = 1370 |year_end = 1680s |event_end = End of the eastern empire. |p1 = Mongol Empire |flag_p1 = |s1 = Western Chagatai Khanate |flag_s1 = |s2 = Moghulistan |flag_s2 = |s3 = Timurid Empire |flag_s3 = |s4 = Afaq Khoja |flag_s5 = |s5 = Dzungar Khanate |image_s3 = |image_flag = Flag of Chagatai khanate.svg |flag_type = Flag of Chagatai Khanate |image_coat = |image_map = ChagataiKhanate1300.png |image_map_caption = The Chagatai Khanate (green), c. 1300. |capital = Almaliq, Qarshi |common_languages = Middle Mongolian |religion = Shamanism Buddhism Tengrism Christianity (minority) later Naqshbandi Sunni Islam |currency = Coins (dirhams, Kebek, and pūl coins) |government_type = Semi-elective monarchy, later hereditary monarchy |leader1 = Chagatai Khan |year_leader1 = 1225–1242 |leader2 = |year_leader2 = |leader3 = |year_leader3 = |title_leader = Khan |legislature = Kurultai |stat_year1 = 1310 or 1350 est.〔Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 475–504.〕 |stat_area1 = 3500000 |today = }} The Chagatai Khanate (Mongolian: ''Tsagadain Khaant Uls/Цагаадайн Хаант Улс'') was a khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan,〔Alternative spellings of ''Chagatai'' include ''Chagata'', ''Chugta'', ''Chagta'', ''Djagatai'', ''Jagatai'', ''Chaghtai'' etc.〕 second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors. Initially it was a part of the Mongol Empire, it became a functionally separate khanate with the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire after 1259. The Chagatai Khanate recognized the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty in 1304,〔Dai Matsui - A Mongolian Decree from the Chaghataid Khanate Discovered at Dunhuang. Aspects of Research into Central Asian Buddhism, 2008, pp. 159-178〕 but the khanate became split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and Moghulistan, in the mid-14th century. At its height in the late 13th century, the Khanate extended from the Amu Darya south of the Aral Sea to the Altai Mountains in the border of modern-day Mongolia and China.〔See Barnes, Parekh and Hudson, p. 87; Barraclough, p. 127; ''Historical Maps on File'', p. 2.27; and LACMA for differing versions of the boundaries of the khanate.〕 The khanate lasted in one form or another from 1220s until the late 17th century, although the western half of the khanate was lost to the Timur's empire by 1370. The eastern half remained under Chagatai khans, who were, at times, allied or at war with Timur's successors, the Timurid dynasty. Finally, in the 17th century, the remaining Chagatai domains fell under the theocratic regime of Afaq Khoja and his descendants, the Khojas, who ruled Xinjiang under Dzungar and Manchu overlordships consecutively. ==Formation== Genghis Khan's empire was inherited by his third son, Ögedei Khan, the designated Khagan who personally controlled the lands east of Lake Balkhash as far as Mongolia. Tolui, the youngest, the keeper of the hearth, was accorded the northern Mongolian homeland. Chagatai Khan, the second son, received Transoxiana, between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers (in modern Uzbekistan) and the area around Kashgar. He made his capital at Almaliq near what is now Yining City in northwestern China.〔Grousset, pp. 253–4〕 Apart from problems of lineage and inheritance, the Mongol Empire was endangered by the great cultural and ethnic divide between the Mongols themselves and their mostly Islamic Iranian and Turkic subjects. When Ögedei died before achieving his dream of conquering all of China, there was an unsettled transition to his son Güyük Khan (1241) overseen by Ögedei's wife Töregene Khatun, who had assumed the regency for the five years following Ögedei's death. The transition had to be ratified in a kurultai, which was duly celebrated, but without the presence of Batu Khan, the independent-minded khan of the Golden Horde.〔Grousset, pp. 268–9〕 After Güyük's death, Batu sent Berke, who maneuvered with Tolui's widow, and, in the next kurultai (1253), the Ögedite line was passed over for Möngke Khan, Tolui's son, who was said to be favorable to the Church of the East.〔Grousset, pp. 272–5〕 The Ögedite ''ulus'' was dismembered; only the Ögedites who did not immediately go into opposition were given minor fiefs.〔For example Kaidu, who received Qayaliq, in modern Kazakhstan. Biran, pp. 19–20. He later revolted against Khubilai Khan and forcefully made the Chagatai khans his vassals for three decades, as will be discussed below.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chagatai Khanate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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